AIM:
Addition
of two 32 bit numbers, with subroutine in assembly language and with function in embedded c language.
THEORY:
Basically Arithmetic logical unit (ALU) is main
important part of the processor. ALU used for performing various arithmetic as
well as logical operations. If result of ALU is zero then Z flag of CPSR
register will set. If carry is generated from 31th bit of the result then carry
flag will set. If 31th bit of the result is 1 then negative flag will set.The
arithmetic instructions implement addition and subtraction of 32-bit signed
andunsigned values.
PORCEDURE:
For creating project,
we need to take following steps.
1)
Create new project
2)
Algorithm
3)
Simulation of Algorithm
These three steps are
involved in procedure.
1)
Create new project
1.
Select a new project and give particular
name to that project. e.gADD
2.
Select chip NXP (founded by Philips)
LPC2148.
3.
For assembly language don’t add startup
file and for embedded c language add startup file.
4.
Select a new editor file, write logic in
that file and save it by using .asm
extension in assembly language and .c
extension in embedded c language.
2)
Algorithm
Algorithm consists of
following steps.
In assembly language:
1.
Take first 32 bit value in register R0.
2.
Take second 32 bit value in register R1.
3.
Write branch instruction for subroutine.
4.
Do addition in subroutine and store
result in R3 register.
5.
Move content from PC to LR and come back
from subroutine.
In embedded c language:
1.
Include header file.
2.
Declare function for addition
3.
Call function in body of main program
after declaration of variables.
4.
Write a function of declared function.
3)
Simulation of Algorithms
It consists of
following steps.
1. After
writing program just build it.
2. If
there are any errors, they will be due to some mistake in typing the program.
To locate the error, double click on the first error. Check for the
error and remove it. Repeat this till all errors are gone.
3. Now
it’s time to debug. Click on the
debug tab and debug program. Check the contents of the registers in assembly
language programming and contents of the variables in embedded c programming.
OBSERVATIONS:
Assembly language
1. Content
of R0 register is: …………………..
2. Content
of R1 register is: …………………..
3. After
addition result in R3: …………………
4. Content
of LR after subroutine call: ……………….
5. Content
of PC after jumping from
subroutine: …………………….
Embedded C
language
1. Content
of variable a is: …………………….
2. Content
of variable b is: …………………….
3. After
addition result of variable temp: …………………….
Addition of two 32 bit numbers in assembly as well as in embedded c
In
Assembly:
AREA ADDITION, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
START
MOV R0, #05
MOV R1, #03
BL JUMP
SWI 0x11
JUMP
ADD R2, R0, R1
MOV PC, LR
END
In Embedded c:
#include
<LPC214X.H>
int tmp; //global variable
void addition (int
a, int b); //declaration of function
int main ()
{
int a,b;
a=3;
//body of main program
b=4;
addition (a,b);
} //
end main
void addition (int
a,int b) //function of
declared function
{
tmp=a+b;
}
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